Manon Tremblay and Régean Pelletier, "More Women Constituency Party Presidents: A Strategy for Increasing the Number of Women Candidates in Canada?," Party Politics, 7 (March 2001), 157-190.

First Paragraph:
In Canada, as in many other democracies of the Western world, public opinion is largely in favour of a greater number of women being elected into public office (International Gallup Poll, 1996). This openness is probably not unrelated to the efforts of the Canadian and Quebec feminist movements to improve the political representation of women. Some women's groups have been formed for the purpose of encouraging women to take the jump into politics, including Femmes regroupees pour I'acces aux pouvoirs politique et economique (FRAPPE) and the newly funded Groupe Femmes, Politique et Democratie (FPD) in Quebec and Winning Women in certain English-Canadian provinces. Within the political parties, affirmative action measures have been taken to encourage women candidacies for the New Democratic Party of Canada (NDP) as well as to provide financial assistance to female candidates (e.g. the NDP's Agnes McPhail Fund and the Liberal Party of Canada's Judy LaMarsh Fund). The university community has been the stage for development and promotion in the form of seminars on the participation of women in politics and numerous publications on the subject (Tremblay and Pelletier, 1995; Arscott and Trimble, 1997a; Tremblay and Andrew, 1997, 1998; Tremblay, 1999).

Figures and Tables:
Table 1: Agreement to neutral, masculine, and feminine traits, by gender p. 168
Table 2: Agreement to measures to increase the number of women in politics, by gender and political party p. 171-2
Table 3: Measure-for-women-in-politics scores, by gender, political party, feminist consciousness, self-identification (SILI) and multi-statements liberalism indexes (MSLI) p. 174
Table 4: OLS regression analysis of measures-for-women-in-politics index by gender, political party, feminist consciousness, self-identification (SILI) and multi-statements liberalism indexes (MSLI) p. 177
Table 5: OLS regression analysis of measures-for-women-in-politics index by gender, political party and feminist consciousness p. 178

Last Paragraph:
A secondary conclusion concerns the diversity among women in politics. In fact, it is customary to speak of 'women in politics', as if they constituted a monolithic bloc. Moreover, if certain diversities among women are acknowledged, it is usually on the basis of political party. The rule of party discipline, which is central to the Canadian parliamentary system, prompts us to conceive of parties as separate entities, opposed to each other and uniform in their internal structure. Our study has brought to light certain differences between women in the same political party. For instance, some are feminists, others are not, and some could become so. Research still has to be done on identifying rifts other than feminist consciousness that divide women within the same political party, and determining their effect on support of measures to promote women candidates. That will be the subject of a future article.